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表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)凭借单分子级超高检测灵敏度、特异性分子指纹光谱识别、无损、快速检测及样品无需复杂预处理等核心优势，突破了传统光谱检测技术的检测极限与特异性短板，已成为生物医学分析领域极具发展潜力的新型光谱检测技术。三维SERS基底可在三维立体空间内构建连续、高密度的等离子体“热点”网络，大幅提升光场耦合效率与目标分子捕获能力，显著提升检测灵敏度与信号重复性，三维SERS技术已在重大疾病早期诊断、单细胞原位成像、病原微生物快速筛查、生物标志物精准检测等生物医学场景展现出广阔的应用前景与转化价值。本文系统围绕SERS物理与化学增强机制、三维SERS基底材料的分类及构建策略、典型生物医学应用场景及生物安全性评价等核心内容展开综述，讨论了三维SERS技术从实验室走向临床应用仍面临性能重现性不足、生物安全性体系不健全、临床标准化缺失等多重挑战。通过全面梳理近年来国内外相关研究进展与现存技术难题，总结三维SERS基底的优化思路与发展趋势，旨在为三维SERS技术的性能迭代优化及临床生物医学转化研究提供全面、详实的理论参考与技术借鉴。
Abstract：Surface-enhanced Raman scattering( SERS) has broken through the detection limit and specificity of traditional spectral detection technology by virtue of its core advantages such as single-molecule ultra-high detection sensitivity,specific molecular fingerprint spectrum recognition,non-destructive,rapid detection,and no complex pretreatment of samples. Short board has become a new type of spectral detection technology with great development potential in the field of biomedical analysis. The three-dimensional SERS substrate can construct a continuous and high-density plasma ' hot spot' network in a three-dimensional space,greatly improve the light field coupling efficiency and target molecule capture ability,and significantly improve the detection sensitivity and signal repeatability.Three-dimensional SERS technology has shown broad application prospects and transformation value in biomedical scenarios such as early diagnosis of major diseases,single-cell in situ imaging,rapid screening of pathogenic microorganisms,and accurate detection of biomarkers.This paper systematically reviewed the core contents of SERS physical and chemical enhancement mechanisms,classification and construction strategies of three-dimensional SERS substrate materials,typical biomedical application scenarios,and biosafety evaluation. It was discussed that three-dimensional SERS technology from laboratory to clinical application still faces multiple challenges such as insufficient performance reproducibility,imperfect biosafety system,and lack of clinical standardization. By comprehensively reviewing the relevant research progress and existing technical problems at home and abroad in recent years,the optimization ideas and development trends of three-dimensional SERS substrates were summarized,aiming to provide a comprehensive and detailed theoretical reference and technical reference for the performance iterative optimization of three-dimensional SERS technology and clinical biomedical transformation research.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13822/j.cnki.hxsj.2026.0142
中图分类号:R318;O657.37
引用信息:
[1]黄莲,黄平,施郁宏,等.三维SERS基底在生物医学分析中应用研究进展[J].化学试剂,2026,48(08):1-10.DOI:10.13822/j.cnki.hxsj.2026.0142.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目(22064018); 广西自然科学基金项目(2020GXNSFAA159072); 中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(ZY24212014); 学校高层次人才科研启动资助项目(G2021ZK15,G2023ZK11)
2026-06-11
2026
2026-07-14
2026-07-29
2026
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2026-07-30
2026-07-30
2026-07-30