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水滑石类化合物(LDHs)作为一种无卤、无害且高效的无机阻燃剂，具有消烟、阻燃等多种功能，在阻燃领域极具开发潜力。但水滑石粒子易团聚，在聚合物基体中分散性差进而影响材料机械性能。为解决这一问题，采用马铃薯淀粉(PS)对MgFeCu-LDHs进行微胶囊包覆改性，合成了PS@MgFeCu-LDHs。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)对其进行了结构性表征;随后将PS@MgFeCu-LDHs加入到聚氯乙烯(PVC)材料中，制备复合材料。并对其抑烟性能、阻燃性能、机械性能进行了测试。结果表明，PS@MgFeCu-LDHs/PVC复合材料具有良好的阻燃抑烟性能，4%PS@MgFeCu-LDHs/PVC复合材料的最大比光密度下降至14.63，相比于PVC的33.13，降幅达55.8%。由于淀粉的引入，PS@MgFeCu-LDHs能有效增加PVC的残炭率，提高热稳定性能。力学测试表明，PS@MgFeCu-LDHs在复合材料中的相容性较好。同时，极限氧指数(LOI)也提升至25.6%,UL-94水平燃烧测试等级达HB级。研究结果为添加型无机阻燃剂提供了新策略，用以降低PVC材料的火灾风险。
Abstract：Layered double hydroxides( LDHs),as a kind of halogen-free,non-toxic,and efficient inorganic flame retardant,possess multiple functions such as flame retardancy and smoke elimination,showing great potential for applications in fire-safe material.However,LDH particles tent to agglomerate and exhibits poorly dispersion within polymer matrix,which adversely affects the mechanical properties of the resulting composites.To address this issue,potato starch( PS) was used to microencapsulate and modify MgFeCu-LDHs,resulting in PS@ MgFeCu-LDHs.The structure of the modified LDHs was characterized by X-ray diffraction( XRD),fourier infrared spectroscopy( FT-IR),and transmission electron microscopy( TEM).The PS@ MgFeCu-LDHs was then incorporated into polyvinyl chloride( PVC) materials to prepare the composite material.The smoke suppression,flame retardant,and mechanical properties were evaluated. The results showed that the PS@ MgFeCu-LDHs/PVC composites exhibited excellent performance. Specifically,the maximum specific optical density of the composites containing 4% PS @ MgFeCu-LDHs/PVC decreased to 14. 63,representing a 55. 8% reduction compared to 33. 13 for pure PVC.The presence of starch enhanced the char residue rate and thermal stability of the composites.Mechanical testing further indicated good compatibility between PS@ MgFeCuLDHs and the PVC matrix.Additionally,the limiting oxygen index( LOI) increased to 25. 6%,and the composite achieved an HB rating in the UL-94 horizontal burning test. The results offer a promising strategy for developing additive-type inorganic flame retardants to reduce the fire risk of PVC materials.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13822/j.cnki.hxsj.2025.0093
中图分类号:TQ325.3;TQ314.248
引用信息:
[1]张恒,王佳悦,蓝心杏,等.淀粉微胶囊改性镁铁铜三元水滑石及其对聚氯乙烯材料性能的影响[J].化学试剂,2025,47(09):73-80.DOI:10.13822/j.cnki.hxsj.2025.0093.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目(51963018); 青海民族大学高层次人才项目(2019XJG01);青海民族大学研究生创新计划项目(12M2024038)