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N,N-二取代烯胺酮参与的环化反应研究进展
基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金项目(22461008); 广西自然科学基金项目(2021GXNSFDA075016)
邮箱(Email): linning@gxtcmu.edu.cn
DOI:
发布时间: 2026-06-09
出版时间: 2026-06-09
网络发布时间: 2026-06-09
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摘要:

N,N-二取代烯胺酮是一类兼具亲核与亲电反应性的多功能合成砌块,其结构中富电子的烯胺碳原子与缺电子的酮羰基通过共轭相连,构成独特的α,β-不饱和羰基体系,赋予这类化合物多样化的反应模式,既可通过烯胺端作为亲核试剂参与反应,也可通过共轭加成或羰基活化途径作为亲电受体参与反应,并表现出优异的区域选择性控制能力。因此,以N,N-二取代烯胺酮为关键中间体或起始原料,能够便捷地构建五元、六元碳环、含氮/氧杂环以及稠环等结构单元,这些骨架广泛存在于功能材料、天然产物和药物分子中,在材料制备、药物研发及有机合成领域具有重要的应用价值。本文系统综述了近五年N,N-二取代烯胺酮参与的环化反应研究进展,以催化体系为分类依据,依次总结了过渡金属催化、光/电催化、无金属及微波/超声波促进条件下的环化反应,阐述了不同催化体系下环化反应的反应机理、底物适用范围、反应特点及应用前景,分析了当前研究中存在的问题,并对未来的发展趋势进行了展望,为后续基于N,N-二取代烯胺酮的新型环化反应设计、药物分子合成及功能材料制备提供参考。

Abstract:

N,N-Disubstituted enaminones represent a highly versatile class of multifunctional synthetic building blocks that inherently possess both nucleophilic and electrophilic reactivity. Within their molecular architecture, the electron-rich carbon atom of the enamine moiety and the electron-deficient carbon of the ketone carbonyl group are covalently interconnected through a conjugated π-system, resulting in a distinctive α,β-unsaturated carbonyl framework. This unique electronic structure endows these compounds with a remarkably diverse array of reaction modes: on the one hand, they can readily serve as nucleophilic species in chemical transformations via their enamine terminus; on the other hand, they can act as electrophilic acceptors through either conjugate addition or carbonyl activation pathways. Notably, these processes are often accompanied by excellent and predictable regioselective control. As a direct consequence, the strategic employment of N,N-disubstituted enaminones as pivotal intermediates or readily accessible starting materials enables the convenient and efficient construction of a wide array of valuable structural motifs, including five- and six-membered carbocycles, nitrogen- and oxygen-containing heterocycles, and complex fused ring systems. These cyclic skeletons are ubiquitous core structures found in functional materials, natural products, and pharmaceutical molecules, endowing this chemistry with significant application value across the interdisciplinary fields of material preparation, drug discovery, and organic synthesis. In this review, we systematically summarize the research progress made over the past five years in cyclization reactions involving N,N-disubstituted enaminones. The content is organized according to the catalytic system employed and sequentially covers transition-metal-catalyzed cyclization reactions, photo- and electrocatalytic transformations, metal-free reaction protocols, and cyclization processes promoted by microwave or ultrasound irradiation. For each catalytic category, the underlying reaction mechanisms, scope and limitations of applicable substrates, characteristic features of the transformations, and potential application prospects are discussed. In addition, the problems present in current studies are analyzed, and an outlook on future development trends is provided. This review is expected to offer a reference for the subsequent design of novel cyclization reactions based on N,N-disubstituted enaminones as well as the synthesis of drug molecules and production of functional materials.

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基本信息:

中图分类号:O621.25

引用信息:

[1]薛孟玲,冯玉燕,张雅婷,等.N,N-二取代烯胺酮参与的环化反应研究进展[J].化学试剂().

基金信息:

国家自然科学基金项目(22461008); 广西自然科学基金项目(2021GXNSFDA075016)

发布时间:

2026-06-09

出版时间:

2026-06-09

网络发布时间:

2026-06-09

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