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锌和钙是人体必需的关键矿物元素,其缺乏症在全球范围内广泛存在,尤其在发展中国家形势严峻。目前市售的补锌/补钙产品多为无机盐或简单有机酸盐,在胃酸条件下易解离生成氯化锌、氯化钙等沉淀物,不仅大幅降低金属离子的生物利用度,还可能对胃肠道产生刺激。本研究以天然大豆蛋白、酪蛋白、玉米蛋白和南极磷虾蛋白为原料,通过碱性蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶和胃蛋白酶在各自最优条件下(pH、温度、时间、酶底比和蛋白-水质量比)进行水解,获得分子量范围为250~450 Da的小分子生物活性肽。进一步采用微波振荡技术(最佳时间3 min)打开肽链的螺旋构象,暴露更多配位位点,分别与Zn2+和Ca2+进行配合反应,成功制备了8种多肽-金属配合物(SPIHs-Zn、CPP-Zn、ZP-Zn、AKP-Zn、SPIHs-Ca、CPP-Ca、ZP-Ca、AKP-Ca)。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)对配合物进行结构表征,结果显示酰胺Ⅰ带、Ⅱ带及羧基、羰基等特征吸收峰发生明显位移,且缔合峰变窄,证实金属离子与肽链上的–CO、–NH、–COOH等基团形成了配位键,而非物理吸附。体外模拟胃肠消化实验进一步证明,本文开发的肽-锌/钙配合物的稳定性和生物利用度远远超出传统肽-锌/钙产品。本文的研究成果,为新型锌/钙产品研究提供了基础,具有良好的应用前景。
Abstract:Zinc and calcium are essential minerals for the human body, and their deficiencies are prevalent worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Currently, most commercially available zinc/calcium supplements are inorganic salts or simple organic acid salts, which tend to dissociate under gastric-acid conditions to form precipitates such as zinc chloride and calcium chloride. This not only significantly reduces the bioavailability of the metal ions but may also cause gastrointestinal irritation. In this study, natural proteins from soybean, casein, corn, and Antarctic krill were hydrolyzed using alkaline protease, trypsin, and pepsin under their respective optimal conditions (pH, temperature, time, enzyme-to-substrate ratio, and protein-to-water ratio) to obtain small bioactive peptides with molecular weights ranging from 250 to 450 Da. Microwave oscillation technology (optimal time: 3 min) was utilized to unfold the helical conformation of the peptide chains, thus exposing more coordination sites. Subsequently, the peptides were complexed with Zn2+ and Ca2+, separately. Eight peptide–metal complexes (SPIHs-Zn, CPP-Zn, ZP-Zn, AKP-Zn, SPIHs-Ca, CPP-Ca, ZP-Ca, and AKP-Ca) were successfully prepared. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was performed to characterize the complexes. The results showed significant shifts in the characteristic absorption bands of amide I, amide II, carboxyl, and carbonyl groups, along with the narrowing of association peaks, thus confirming that the metal ions formed coordination bonds with the –CO, –NH, and –COOH groups on the peptide chains instead of undergoing physical adsorption. In-vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion experiments demonstrated that the developed peptide–zinc/calcium complexes outperformed conventional peptide–zinc/calcium products in terms of stability and bioavailability. The findings provide a foundation for the development and application of novel zinc/calcium products.
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基本信息:
DOI:10.13822/j.cnki.hxsj.2026.0128
中图分类号:O641.4;TQ464.7
引用信息:
[1]刘煜,颜轲,凌芳,等.微波合成多肽锌/钙试剂研究[J].化学试剂().DOI:10.13822/j.cnki.hxsj.2026.0128.
基金信息:
国家新材料重大专项项目(4-P3-A1)
2026-09-03
2026-09-03
2026-09-03